Diamond Problem

chalo ab samajhte hain "💎 Diamond Problem" — naam thoda shiny lagta hai, par asli mein thoda confusing hota hai 😅

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💎 What is the Diamond Problem?

Imagine this family situation:

• Grandparent has one rule.

• Two parents inherit that rule (but may tweak it).

• Now, the child inherits from both parents.

Problem: which version of the rule should the child follow?

That’s the diamond problem — it happens in multiple inheritance, when two parent classes inherit from the same grandparent, and a child inherits from both of them.

Copy        A
       / \
      B   C
       \ /
        D

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👀 What Happens in Python?

In Python, Method Resolution Order (MRO) solves this.

• Python uses C3 linearization (no tension, we’ll simplify it).

• It reads from left to right in the class definition.

• It checks if the method exists in the first parent, then second, then their parents...

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🔹 Python Example

Copyclass A:
    def show(self):
        print("A called")

class B(A):
    def show(self):
        print("B called")

class C(A):
    def show(self):
        print("C called")

class D(B, C):
    pass

obj = D()
obj.show()

Output:

CopyB called

Why?

Because:

• D → inherits from B and C (left to right)

• Python checks B first → finds show() → stops there

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🔍 How to See MRO?

Copyprint(D.mro())

Output:

Copy[<class '__main__.D'>, <class '__main__.B'>, <class '__main__.C'>, <class '__main__.A'>, <class 'object'>]

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🧠 Common Questions

• Does Python support multiple inheritance?
  ✅ Yes

• Does Python avoid diamond problem?
  ✅ Yes, using MRO

• What if both B and C don’t have method, but A does?
  → Python will go up the chain and call A’s method.

• What if I reverse B, C in D?
  → Output will change! Try this:

Copyclass D(C, B):
    pass

Now C is checked before B.

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🔚 Summary

• Diamond Problem = confusion in multiple inheritance

• Python handles it with MRO

• Just remember: Left to right, top to bottom, no tension 🎯

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