IS-A and HAS-A

Perfect, this one's very common in interviews 👇

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🔗 IS-A Relationship

• Means inheritance

• One class is a type of another class

Example:

Copyclass Animal:
    pass

class Dog(Animal):
    pass

• Dog is-a Animal ✅

• Relationship: Subclass → Superclass

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📦 HAS-A Relationship

• Means composition or containment

• One class has an instance of another class

Example:

Copyclass Engine:
    pass

class Car:
    def __init__(self):
        self.engine = Engine()

• Car has-a Engine ✅

• Used to build complex systems by combining classes

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🎯 Summary

Beautiful question Maham 🌷
This connects directly to what you've just learned!

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🧾 "is-a" vs "has-a"

• is-a 👉 comes from Inheritance

• has-a 👉 comes from Association, Aggregation, or Composition

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🏦 Bank Style Example:

1. is-a Relationship

Means → one class is a type of another class

Copyclass BankAccount:
    pass

class SavingsAccount(BankAccount):
    pass

• Here: SavingsAccount is-a BankAccount

• Because it inherits from BankAccount

👉 Used to reuse logic and apply OOP principles

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2. has-a Relationship

Means → one class owns or uses another class
(but doesn’t inherit from it)

Copyclass Account:
    pass

class Customer:
    def __init__(self, account):  # or create inside (composition)
        self.account = account

• Here: Customer has-a Account

Now, depending how you pass or create the object:

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🎯 Summary

Let me know if you want this in a cute diagram-style later 🧠✨