abc Module

abc stands for Abstract Base Classes — it’s a built-in Python module used to define abstract classes and methods.

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📦 What is ABC?

• ABC is a class from the abc module.

• You inherit from ABC when you want to create an abstract class.

• It makes sure that the class can't be used directly unless all abstract methods are implemented in the child class.

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🧩 What is abstractmethod?

• A decorator from the abc module.

• Used to declare methods without a body.

• It forces subclasses to implement that method.

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✅ Example:

Copyfrom abc import ABC, abstractmethod

class Animal(ABC):  # abstract class
    @abstractmethod
    def speak(self):  # abstract method
        pass

You can't create an object of Animal Unless you define speak() In the child class.

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🔁 Summary:

• abc → module for abstract concepts

• ABC → base class to make a class abstract

• abstractmethod → to define a method without body